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Math & Statistics

Comprehensive statistical analysis, probability calculators, and mathematical tools with step-by-step solutions and visualizations.

Our math and statistics calculators help students, researchers, and professionals perform complex calculations with ease. From probability distributions to matrix operations, each tool provides detailed explanations and visual representations. You might also find our Analyze data correlations, Apply math to physics problems, Calculate academic statistics, Model financial forecasts, Project compound growth, Solve chemistry calculations, Run statistical simulations and Calculate metabolic statistics helpful for related calculations.

Math & Statistics Guide

Last updated: February 16, 2026

What you can do in Math & Statistics

  • •Calculate probability distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson, t-distribution) with PDF/CDF values and percentiles
  • •Run hypothesis tests (z-test, t-test, chi-square, ANOVA) with step-by-step p-value interpretation
  • •Perform regression analysis (linear, polynomial) and calculate R², residuals, and prediction intervals
  • •Compute matrix operations: determinants, inverses, eigenvalues, and systems of equations
  • •Evaluate derivatives and integrals with symbolic computation and numerical methods
  • •Generate descriptive statistics: mean, median, mode, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis

Accuracy, assumptions, and sources

  • •All calculators use IEEE 754 double-precision arithmetic (15-17 significant digits). Small rounding at ~10⁻¹⁵ may occur.
  • •Statistical formulas match standard textbooks (Walpole, DeGroot, Casella & Berger). Results are suitable for coursework and exams.
  • •P-values assume independent, identically distributed samples unless otherwise noted in the calculator.
  • •Matrix operations use numerically stable algorithms but warn when condition numbers suggest instability.
  • •Default significance level is α=0.05. You can adjust this in each hypothesis test calculator.
  • •Probability distributions use exact formulas for small n; large-n approximations (e.g., CLT) are labeled when applied.

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Common mistakes to avoid

  • •Confusing sample standard deviation (n-1 divisor) with population standard deviation (n divisor)—use sample SD for data from a sample.
  • •Ignoring normality assumptions before running parametric tests. Check distributions or use non-parametric alternatives.
  • •Interpreting p-value as 'probability the null is true'—p-value is probability of data given the null, not the reverse.
  • •Using correlation (r) to claim causation. Correlation measures association, not cause-effect.
  • •Forgetting to check for multicollinearity in multiple regression. High VIF values inflate standard errors.
  • •Rounding intermediate steps too early, which compounds errors. Keep full precision until the final answer.
  • •Extrapolating regression beyond the data range. Predictions outside observed x-values are unreliable.
  • •Applying chi-square tests with expected counts below 5. Use Fisher's exact test or combine categories.

Editorial policy

  • ✓All calculators provide educational estimates, not professional statistical consulting.
  • ✓Formulas and assumptions are documented in each tool. We cite standard textbooks where applicable.
  • ✓We don't store your data. All calculations run client-side in your browser.
  • ✓Results are rounded for display but computed with full precision internally.
  • ✓Found an error? Email us at hello@everydaybudd.com and we'll fix it promptly.
  • ✓Tools are updated when statistical best practices or computational methods improve.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How accurate are these math calculators for academic work?

Our calculators use IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point arithmetic, providing 15-17 significant digits of precision. For most coursework and research, this exceeds required accuracy. For specialized numerical analysis, verify edge cases with your specific requirements.

Why do some calculations show slight rounding differences?

Floating-point arithmetic can introduce small rounding errors (around 10⁻¹⁵). For example, 0.1 + 0.2 might display as 0.30000000000000004. Our calculators round displayed results appropriately while maintaining internal precision for multi-step calculations.

Can I use these for statistics homework and exams?

Yes, our statistics calculators (z-scores, t-tests, chi-square, regression) use standard formulas from statistics textbooks. They show step-by-step solutions matching what you'd do by hand or with a TI-84. Always verify with your instructor's approved methods.

How do I interpret p-values from hypothesis tests?

A p-value below your significance level (typically 0.05) suggests rejecting the null hypothesis. But statistical significance doesn't equal practical significance. Our calculators show effect sizes alongside p-values for complete interpretation.

What's the difference between sample and population standard deviation?

Population SD uses N in the denominator; sample SD uses N-1 (Bessel's correction) to estimate population variance from a sample. Our Descriptive Statistics Calculator computes both and explains when to use each.

How do matrix calculators handle numerical stability?

Our Matrix Calculator uses stable algorithms for operations like determinants and inverses. However, ill-conditioned matrices (high condition numbers) can amplify small errors. The calculator warns when results may be numerically unstable.
Math & Statistics Calculators | EverydayBudd